The biota of Cocos Island is determined, among other things, by its geographical context, as well as its geological history, climate, exposure to ocean currents and isolation from the continent. All of these factors have been responsible for the development of diverse of marine and land environments, which provided the ecological conditions for the development of an exceptionally diverse biology or biodiversity.

At present the fauna and flora (biota) of the island is only partially known. While there has been significant advancement in the knowledge about some of the organisms, there is a great need for research about others. There is a need for further study about the classification, ecology and behavior of marine and freshwater life, and about the classification, ecology and evolution of land organisms.

1. Flora
2. Vegetation
3. Fauna